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Ion exchange resin is a polymer with appropriate functional groups. In general, conventional ion exchange resin with sodium amounts of sodium ions. When the water content of high calcium and magnesium ions, ion exchange resins can release sodium ions, functional groups and the combination of calcium and magnesium, calcium and magnesium ions so the water content decreased, the hardness of the water drop. Hard water into soft water on, this is the working process of softening equipment.

When the resin on a large number of functional groups combined with calcium and magnesium ions, reduced capacity softening resin can flow through the resin with a sodium chloride solution, then the solution of the sodium ion content, functional groups will release calcium and magnesium sodium ions combine with such exchange resin on the restoration of the ability of the process called "regeneration."

As the actual work, soft water equipment, standard operating procedures include: work (sometimes called production water, the same below), anti-washing, absorption of salt (renewable) and the slow rinse (replacement), fast wash five processes. All the processes of different softening equipment is very close, only because the actual process or control the needs of different, there may be some additional process. Any sodium ion exchange softening equipment based on the five processes are developed based on the past (including, automatic soft water equipment will increase the salt water re-injection process).

Backwash: work after a period of time the equipment will be in the upper resin block dirt brought a lot of raw water, after the removal of these contaminants, ion exchange resins to be fully exposed out of the effect of regeneration can be guaranteed. Anti-wash process is the bottom of the wash water from the resin into, out from the top, so can the top block down the dirt washed away. This process usually takes 5-15 minutes.

Absorption of salt (renewable): Coming into the resin tank in the process of salt, the traditional devices are injected with salt brine pump, automatic equipment is built by private jet to saline inhalation (as long as the water pressure can be certain ). In practice the process, salt water flows through a slower regeneration of the resin is better than simply the effect of resin with a brine well, so slow softening equipment are based on the brine flow through the regeneration of the resin method, a process that normally takes 30 minute or so, salt is good enough for the impact of actual time.

Slow rinse (replacement): flow through the resin in the salt after the use of raw water to flow slowly to the same resin in the salt water to clean all the washing process is called slow, due to the washing process is still a large number of functional groups on the calcium and magnesium ions are sodium ion exchange, based on actual experience, this process is the main process of regeneration, many people called the replacement of this process. This process is generally the same as with the absorption of salt, which is 30 minutes.

Fast Rinse: In order to thoroughly rinse the salt residues to working close with the actual flow rate, with the raw water to wash the resin, the process should be the final effluent compliance of soft water. In general, quick rinse process 5-15 minutes.

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